Automated Decision Systems, Expert Systems, Knowledge Management and Collaborative Systems
Investigate the impact of turning off every communication system in a firm (i.e., telephone, fax, television, radio, all computer systems).
Create a WORD document of at least 500 words (1-2 pages). Make sure you cite any sources you use in your paper and include References at the bottom of your paper with the exact URL where you found these sources. Answer the following questions:
How effective and efficient would the following types of firms be: airline, bank, insurance company, travel agency, department store, grocery store?
What would happen?
Do customers expect 100 percent uptime? (When was the last time a major airline’s reservation system was down?)
How long would it be before each type of firm would not be functioning at all?
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Reflect on the assigned readings for Week 13 and then type a two page paper regarding what you thought was the most important concept(s), method(s), term(s), and/or any other thing that you felt was worthy of your understanding. Define and describe what you thought was worthy of your understanding in half a page, and then explain why you felt it was important, how you will use it, and/or how important it is in managerial economics. After submitting your two page paper as an initial post in the “Reflection and Discussion Forum,” then type at least two peer replies in response to your classmates posts (200 word minimum each).
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Write a 500-750-word essay that discusses the role of Darwinism in America. Include in your essay an explanation of how Darwinism was used to classify some people as inferior and justify actions against them; how Social Darwinism and Eugenics shaped the immigrant experience in America; and why Fundamentalist Christians opposed Darwinism.
Use a minimum of three of the sources provided to support your assignment and be sure to cite the sources.
I have attached the sources and listen them below so you just have to copy and paste them in.
LARSON, EDWARD J. “The Reception of Darwinism in the Nineteenth Century: A Three Part Story.†Science & Christian Belief, vol. 21, no. 1, Apr. 2009, pp. 3–24. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rlh&AN=39886197&site=ehost-live&scope=site.
Keas, Michael N. “Darwinism, Fundamentalism, and R. A. Torrey.†Perspectives on Science & Christian Faith, vol. 62, no. 1, Mar. 2010, pp. 25–51. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=48110481&site=ehost-live&scope=site.
Dixon, Thomas. “America’s Difficulty with Darwin.†History Today, vol. 59, no. 2, Feb. 2009, pp. 22–28. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=36590268&site=ehost-live&scope=site.
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Part One: A traditional term paper on any approved topic discussed in this course (2500 to 3500 words). You submitted your topic for approval in Module 3.
Part Two: The Appendix to your paper. Part Two should be written in first person; that is, use the words “I” and “we” in this part. With one of these three roles in mind (current role/employer, previous role, role you want to apply for), using 500-1000 words answer these three questions:
What did you learn as you wrote your paper?
What surprised you about what you learned?
What do you now want to know more about?
Paper Requirements
Use a minimum of six (6) sources. At least three of these sources must be scholarly (using peer-reviewed journals from the library, not the internet at large)(You can access ProQuest through the Library page in the Course Introduction section). One of these sources can be the one you used for your Journal Article Review in your Journal Article assignment.
Sources should be recent ones (written within the last decade, unless you have prior approval for a specific older source).
Ensure that you cite all sources properly, including using quotation marks to indicate direct quotes.
Create a reference list that includes all sources you used to research and write your paper. Make sure that every source mentioned in your paper appears on the Reference page, and that every source in your list of references appears in your paper.
If you mention a current or previous employer or co-worker/manager in your project, please change the name(s).
Review the Final Project Grading Criteria in the rubric.
Review the Frequently Asked Questions for this assignment.
Find something you are truly interested in, rather than picking the first one you see. Is there something that frustrates you at work? Something your manager does that you can’t quite understand why he/she does it? Look through the learning objectives for each of the lessons. Many of these can be turned into project ideas.
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Discourse Community Ethnography MAKEUP ARTISTS: AVANT GARDE MAKEUP.
Assignment at a Glance: For this semester-long project, you are tasked with exploring the literacy or discourse practices of a discourse community that has made an impact on you or one that interests you. You will then write an ethnographic report where you share your findings with an academic audience.
You will submit 3 drafts of this project on the following dates:
Draft
Weight
Working Draft #1 of Ethnography Report
10%
Working Draft #2 of Ethnography Report
15%
Final Draft of Ethnography Report
15%
Subtotal
40%
Genre: Ethnographic writing originated in the field of Anthropology, but has since then been widely adopted in the field of Composition Studies. More often than not, ethnographic reports (ERs) combine empirical, online and library research, but rely mostly on primary or empirical research. More often than not, these reports include these sections:
Section
What it does
Introduction
Begin with a very brief review of the existing literature (published research) on the topic. “We know X about discourse communities†(you will probably cite Swales and others as you see fit).
Name a niche (But we don’t know Y†or “No one has looked at Xâ€).
Explain how you will occupy that niche.
Research Methods
Describe your research methods.
Findings or Results
Discuss your findings in detail (quote from your notes, your interviews, the texts you’ve collected, etc.)
Works Cited or References Page
List of sources consulted or referenced (depending on citation style you choose).
However, to quote Seth Kahn, “when it works well [ethnographic writing], does not–in fact, cannot–follow a conventional formula for essays. It requires you to experiment with style, voice, structure, and purpose in ways you probably haven’t before†(176).
Audience: As you write your ER, imagine that you are writing it for the readers of Young Scholars in Writing (“First Year Spotlight†section) which is, as its publishers explain, “a peer reviewed journal for undergraduates.†You could also think of your readers as “young scholars†themselves. Young, in this context “is not a marker of a scholar’s age but rather of his or her experience with discursive inquiry in writing, rhetoric and related topics.†You can then assume that your readers will
have some interest in and knowledge of your research topic (discourse community/discourse practices)
read your text strategically rather than linearly. This means that they’ll most likely skim your report and then focus on those sections that seem most relevant to their own research interests.
Purpose: In academic discourse communities, research reports are used to “share†new knowledge with other members of the community. Ethnographic studies, more specifically, aim to share with readers what the writer has learned about a specific community or culture through fieldwork. As Seth Kahn explains “ethnographers: observe, participate, interact, analyze, reflect, write, rethink, and describe cultures, their members, and our own involvement with them†(176-77). Your ethnography should present a narrative of your research project, your research methods and findings. Your main rhetorical aim is to inform, but you must also persuade your readers that your research is sound and worthy of their trust.
Subject-Matter: The focus should be on the discourse community and its discourse or literacy practices.
The Ethnographic Project Step-by-Step
Your job as an ethnographer is to
Choose a DC.
Choose a DC that you are interested in. This may be a DC you already belong to or one that you wish to enter in the future. In either case, a deeper understanding of this DC’s practices will help you become a more successful member; that is someone who can contribute to the DC’s common goals or perhaps move them to some sort of action.
Collect data through field and library/internet research:
Observe members of the DC while they are engaged in a shared activity; take detailed notes.
What are they doing?
What kinds of things do they say?
What do they write?
How do you know who is “in†and who is “out�
Collect anything people in that community read or write (their genres)–even very short things like forms, sketches, notes, IMs, and text messages.
Interview at least one member of the DC. Tape record and transcribe the interview. You might ask questions like:
How long have you been here?
Why are you involved?
What do X, Y, and Z words mean?
How did you learn to write A, B, or C?
How do you communicate with other people (on your team, at your restaurant, etc.)?
Analyze the data: Try to analyze the data you collect using the six characteristics of Swale’s DC:
What are the shared goals of the community? Why does the group exist? What does it do?
What mechanisms do members use to communicate with others (meetings, phone calls, email, text messages, newsletter, reports, evaluation forms, etc.)?
What are the purposes of each of these mechanisms of communication (to improve performance, make money, grow better roses, share research, etc.)?
Which of the above mechanisms of communication can be considered genres (textual responses to recurring situations that all group members recognize and understand)?
What kinds of specialized language (lexis) do group members use in their conversation and in their genres? Name some examples–ESL, on the fly, Mind the GAP, etc. What communicative function does this lexis serve? (e.g., why say ESL, instead of “English as a Second Languageâ€)?
Who are the “old-timers†with expertise? Who are the newcomers with less expertise? How do newcomers learn the appropriate language, genres, knowledge of the group?
Identify a particular point of interest or research question.
The questions above will give you an overall picture of the DC. Now you want to focus in on what you’ve learned to find something that is especially interesting, confusing or illuminating. You can use Swales and Wardle and Kain to assist you in this. You might ask yourself questions such as:
Are there conflicts within the community? If so, what are they? Why do the conflicts occur? Do texts mediate these conflicts and make them worse in some way?
Do any genres help the community work toward its goals especially effectively–or keep the community from working towards its goals? Why?
Do some participants in the community have difficulty speaking and writing there? Why?
Who has authority here? How is that authority demonstrated in written and oral language? Where does that authority come from?
Are members of this community stereotyped in any way in regard to their literacy knowledge? If so, why?
Write an ethnographic report that describes the DC and explores your chosen point of interest or research question. Use the data you collected to make and support your claims (the answer to your research question).
Learning Goals: By working on this assignment, you will learn to:
produce a final written project that indicates a clear rhetorical purpose and that is appropriate for a diverse academic audience;
use conventions of ethnographic writing in particular and informative writing in general;
show engagement with issues of language, literacy, rhetoric, or cultures;
use specific language (descriptive, figurative, with attention paid to word choice);
produce a final draft that shows evidence of a thoughtful writing process, including invention, revision, and proofreading;
use syntax, punctuation, and spelling effectively in service of rhetorical purpose.
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As widespread as diverse and dispersed teaming is these days, leading a virtual team can be a challenge. This case study offers ideas on making the best of diverse and dispersed team structures.
Virtual teaming, that is, working on teams whose members are not present in the same location, is a fact of our modern, globalized business world. Virtual (or diverse and dispersed) teams are prevalent not only in multinational companies with offices in different countries, but also in academic and non-governmental institutions with bases across the world. In such team structures, members often have to communicate and collaborate with others who could be thousands of miles and many time zones apart.
As widespread as diverse and dispersed teaming is these days, leading a virtual team can be a challenge. Team leaders need to not only account for practical matters such as scheduling across time zones, but also technical issues such as varying rates of connectivity and access to communication platforms. However, one of the biggest factors in creating successful collaboration among diverse and dispersed teams is culture – specifically, tailoring the team’s mission, plans and procedures to the preferences of the different cultures represented on the team.
The following is a case study provided by a Cultural Navigator subject matter expert in diverse and dispersed teaming:
“A virtual team leader named Rebecca, originally from the United States, recently led a virtual project team with members from Japan, Mexico, Germany, Korea and the US. Rebecca was focused on setting the team up for success, and although she deliberately used strategies and tools made available by her company, she learned some valuable lessons along the way.
“Before initiating the project with a kick-off meeting, Rebecca made sure that everyone filled out their Cultural Orientations Indicator (COI) assessment to get to know their own work-style preferences. She then invited all members into a team message board on the Cultural Navigator, and encouraged them to share their profiles to better understand each other’s work-style preferences.
“The team was not able to have a face-to-face kick-off meeting, so during their first virtual meeting, every team member took time to introduce him or herself. The members talked about the different preferences in their team using the non-judgmental vocabulary of the Cultural Orientations Approach. At the end of the call, the team agreed on some ground rules for their upcoming teleconference and then closed the call.
“As the project continued, the team leader noticed that key team members were regularly not sharing their sales pipelines during their calls as agreed upon. Rebecca used humor during their sessions to lighten the mood, thinking some of the team members were nervous. However, she noticed the same people began to skip the calls, and were reluctant to speak when they were in attendance.â€
In the above case study, the team leader Rebecca had done her due diligence in preparing the team to accommodate different cultural preferences among its members. But then she hit a snag. What had she done wrong?
The subject matter expert offered this reading of the situation: “In retrospect, Rebecca realized that even though she had set ground rules, she could have had an individual talk with each member before finalizing the team structure and processes. Perhaps in those discussions she would have understood that Woo-jin, her Korean colleague, worked in a strict hierarchical office environment and had to clear most decisions with his direct supervisor before sending anything to her. Woo-jin had hoped his team leader realized he did not have this approval, however Rebecca was not aware of this.
Similarly, the Japanese team member named Kamiko was concerned about the strict data protection laws in Japan, so she did not feel comfortable sharing her sales pipeline information. Kamiko had tried to indirectly convey this limitation to Rebecca, who wasn’t able to understand this message.
As for Rebecca’s use of humor during teleconferences, she did not realize how many cultural references she was using in her jokes, which her colleagues from outside her own culture had little understanding of.â€
In essence, while Rebecca began the team’s collaboration with most of the components necessary for success, throughout the project duration, she learned the hard way that cultural mishaps often stall even the best plan.
While cultural due diligence and careful preparation are necessary components of working with a virtual team, the team leader and members need to exercise cultural awareness and cultural competence all along the way.
Though there can be challenges to working in diverse and dispersed teams, they are a fact of modern work life. The good news is that, when managed well, virtual teams can be as effective and productive as their traditional equivalents.
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Please complete the following: Each response should be a minimum of one paragraph. Included in your responses, you are asked to include reflections and content from the course to support the reflections.
Each paragraph will start with the beginning of the sentences provided.
Conflict management is…
When I contemplate the information that we have discussed in this class I realize that…
Avoiding conflict results in…
Reflecting on past conflicts I wish I could…
If there is one conflict that I wish I could do over it would be…
The information that had the most impact on my perception of conflict is…
As I approach conflicts in the future I will…
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As the world continues to evolve, so does the need for businesses to develop or supplement everyday tasks, procedures, and mechanisms technologically. This is the same for all institutions to include financial such as a bank, broker, dealer, casino or card club (U.S. Treasure, n.d.). In order to keep pace with the dynamic world around them, several of these financial institutions are using blockchain technologies to complete transactions more effectively and efficiently. In a nutshell, blockchain technology uses a ledger, also known as a secure list of transactions, to distribute to a network of participants for money transfers, improve remittances, and minimize exposure to cryptocurrency (Pritchard, 2019). Additionally, blockchain technology serves to bring lower costs, faster execution of transactions, improved transparency, and auditability of operations†(SWIFT Institute, 2018).
Analysis of Benefits of Blockchain Technologies
There are several benefits of blockchain technologies to reduce risk. One of the most important is trust. Due to the framework that blockchain technology uses, all who use it can be absolutely certain that transactions are complete not only securely but correctly as the possibility of hacking is exponentially more difficult (Pritchard, 2019). Another major benefit of blockchain technology is the ability to save time. This can be from both the perspective of the financial institution as well as the customer. For example, an individual wouldn’t even have to leave their house to complete a money transfer. Therefore, saving time for the customer. Similarly, a bank would be able to have confirmation of successful funds in minutes to seconds rather than waiting days to weeks for confirmation of insufficient funds via a bounced check. Finally and arguably most important, is the benefit of ownership. Ledgers are nearly impossible to tamper as one would have to change every ledger from all broadcasted participants (Pritchard, 2019). Additionally, all liens and other events are documented in the ledger, thereby tracking ownership at every moment. Due to this, it can be used to uncover or detect money laundering and other crime related financial transactions similar to those which were discovered at Island Banking Services.
Recommendations
As now it may seem apparent why a financial institution would want to implement this type of technology, there are several factors that key level decision makers must take into account before implementing any type of technology, especially blockchain. Firstly, an assessment of the financial institution’s needs should take place as this will lessen mistakes regarding complexity and expansion (Boxho, 2017). Blockchain technology requires synchronization of computers from distributed systems, thereby increasing costs and more time for planning. Additionally, this will further allow the ability to determine appropriate risk sharing as well.
Secondly, the appropriate type of blockchain technology must be identified, such as private , permissioned, or public. This is extremely important as dependencies such as speed, control, continuity, and accessibility must be decided to determine best fit. For example, permissioned blockchains share data to stakeholders without divulging information to the public, while public blockchains are accessible to anyone who downloads that particular node (“Blockchainsâ€, 2020). On the other hand, private blockchains are managed by a central authority which can decline or reverse transactions (“Blockchainsâ€, 2020). Identification will also allow an organization to determine it’s appropriate risk appetite as well as risk tolerance, important concepts of risk management
Thirdly, I recommend the financial institution utilize and model industry standards in order to regulate both security and integrity of data. This will serve to reduce risk greatly for all stakeholders by ensuring appropriate risk retention, and avoidance is considered. (Boxho, 2017).
Summary
One of the most important initiatives a business today should implement is to learn and keep pace with current technological evolutions. For financial institutions, this can include blockchain technologies which serve to provide a wealth of benefits such as high security, decentralized control and automation (Simplillearn, 2019). However, it is important that institutions understand there are several factors that must be considered in order to ensure effectiveness and efficiency. These include assessment of a financial institutions’ needs, determining the best type of block chain utilization as well as implementation of industry standards. Blockchain technology is the future but to ensure the organization maintains a place at the table, risk modification, retention, avoidance, and sharing should be at the forefront first.
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