Carbohydrate Flowchart
Carbohydrate Flowchart
Carbohydrate Flowchart:
create a 1-2 page written summary of how all 3 macronutrients are digested and absorbed, including a discussion of the events in each compartment of the GI tract. Include the names of the molecules that are digested, the enzymes involved, and the products produced by the enzymes. Be sure to say which molecules are absorbed by the intestinal mucosal cells (enterocytes).
Each of the 3 macronutrients are in the uploaded files named carbohydrate flowchart, lipid flowchart and protein flowchart.
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Carbohydrate Flowchart
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Reference
Ji, H., Hu, J., Zuo, S., Zhang, S., Li, M., & Nie, S. (2022). In vitro gastrointestinal digestion and fermentation models and their applications in food carbohydrates. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 62(19), 5349-5371.
Mouth
Mechanical digestion entails the use of swallowind and chewing. The salivary glands are triggered into action by chewing, resulting in the production of saliva. Carbohydrates and fats are digested chemically.
Stomach
Propulsion and mixing at the peristaltic level constitute mechanical digestion. Acids are used for chemical digestion of lips, salivary amylase and proteins. Absorption of drugs like alcohol and aspirin that dissolve in fat. The stomach does not break down carbohydrates.
Pancrease
The small intestine is the site of secretion of pacreatic amylase. Enzymes are produced in the pancreas. The starch, lipids and carbohydrates, are all metabolized by these enzymes. The hormones produced by the pancreas aid the digestive system. In the same way as salivary amylase breaks down starch into tiny oligosaccharides and maltose, so does pancreatic amylase, which is secreted from the pancreas into the small intestine.
Small Intestines
Large Intestines
Those remnants of starch are converted to maltose by amalyse in the pancreas. The mixing and propulsion steps of mechanical digestion. Enzymes (lactase, sucrase, and maltase) break down disaccharides (maltose, sucrose, and lactose) into monosaccharides, a step in the chemical digestion of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acid and polypeptides (glucose, fructose and galactose). The small intestine is responsible for the absorption of all monosaccharides.
Some carbohydrates are not broken down by the digestive process and make it into the large intestine, where they are fermented by bacteria. Segmental mixing and propulsion are mechanical components of digestion. Absorption of water, vitamis, ions, organic compounds and minerals.
