Full-Circle Learning MyLab™: Learning Full Circle for Marketing,

Management, Business Communication, and Intro to Business

BEFORE CLASS

AFTER CLASS DURING

CLASS

Decision Sims, Videos, and Learning

Catalytics

DSMs, pre-lecture homework,

eText

Writing Space, Video

Cases, Quizzes/ Tests

MyLab

Strategic ManageMent concepts and cases

A Competitive AdvAntAge ApproACh

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Fred r. David Francis Marion University Florence, South Carolina

Forest r. David Strategic Planning Consultant

Sixteenth edition

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Strategic ManageMent concepts and cases

A Competitive AdvAntAge ApproACh

globAl edition

Vice President, Business Publishing: Donna Battista Editor-in-Chief: Stephanie Wall Acquisitions Editor: Daniel tylman Editorial Assistant: Linda albelli Managing Editor, Global Edition: Steven Jackson Associate Project Editor, Global Edition: Paromita

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Products: Jeanette Koskinas Field Marketing Manager: Lenny ann raper Product Marketing Assistant: Jessica Quazza Team Lead, Program Management: ashley Santora Program Manager: claudia Fernandes Team Lead, Project Management: Jeff Holcomb Project Manager: ann Pulido Project Manager, Global Edition: Purnima narayanan Operations Specialist: carol Melville Senior Manufacturing Controller, Global Edition:

trudy Kimber

Creative Director: Blair Brown Art Director: Janet Slowik Vice President, Director of Digital Strategy &

Assessment: Paul gentile Manager of Learning Applications: Paul Deluca Digital Editor: Brian Surette Director, Digital Studio: Sacha Laustsen Digital Studio Manager: Diane Lombardo Digital Studio Project Manager: robin Lazrus Digital Studio Project Manager: alana coles Digital Studio Project Manager:

Monique Lawrence Media Production Manager, Global

Edition: Vikram Kumar Assistant Media Producer, Global

Edition: Pallavi Pandit Full-Service Project Management and Composition:

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acknowledgements of third party content appear on the appropriate page within the text, which constitutes an extension of this copyright page with the exception of the photo of the chocolate candies that appear throughout the text and is credited to Danny Kosmayer/123rf.

PearSOn aLWaYS Learning and MYManageMentLaB® are exclusive trademarks owned by Pearson education, inc. or its affiliates in the U.S. and/or other countries.

Pearson Education Limited edinburgh gate Harlow essex cM20 2Je england

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Visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.pearsonglobaleditions.com

© Pearson education Limited 2017

the rights of Fred r. David and Forest r. David to be identified as the authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the copyright, Designs and Patents act 1988.

Authorized adaptation from the United States edition, entitled Strategic Management: A Competitive Advantage Approach, Concepts and Cases, 16th Edition, ISBN 978-0-13-416784-8 by Fred r. David and Forest r. David, published by Pearson Education © 2017.

all rights reserved. no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a license permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the copyright Licensing agency Ltd, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London ec1n 8tS.

all trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners. the use of any trademark in this text does not vest in the author or publisher any trademark ownership rights in such trademarks, nor does the use of such trademarks imply any affiliation with or endorsement of this book by such owners.

iSBn 10: 1-292-14849-7 iSBn 13: 978-1-292-14849-6

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data a catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

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Brief Contents

5

Preface 15

Acknowledgments 26

About the Authors 27